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Peroxide. In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R, where the R's represent any element and O's are single oxygen molecules. [1] [2] Oxygens are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through single covalent bonds, denoted by dashes or lines. The O−O group in a peroxide is often called the ...
When H2O2 acts as a reducing agent, oxygen gas is also produced. For example, hydrogen peroxide will reduce sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate, which is a convenient method for preparing oxygen in the laboratory: NaOCl + H2O2 → O2 + NaCl + H2O. 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2O2 → 2 MnO2 + 2 KOH + 2 H2O + 3 O2.
From hydrogen peroxide. Dialkyl peroxides, e.g., dicumyl peroxide, are synthesized by addition of hydrogen peroxide to alkenes or by O-alkylation of hydroperoxides. Diacyl peroxides are typically prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides in the presence of base: H 2 O 2 + 2 RCOCl → (RCO 2) 2 + 2 HCl
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C 6 H 5 −C(=O)O−) 2, often abbreviated as (BzO) 2. In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl ( C 6 H 5 −C(=O)− , Bz) groups connected by a peroxide ( −O−O− ).
Reactions with aldehydes and ketones yield a series of compounds depending on conditions. Specific reactions include addition of hydrogen peroxide across the C=O double bond: R2C=O + H2O2 → R2C (OH)OOH. In some cases, these hydroperoxides convert to give cyclic diperoxides: [R2C (O2H)]2O2 → [R2C]2(O2)2 + 2 H2O.
Hydrogen peroxide - urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a white crystalline solid chemical compound composed of equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea. It contains solid and water -free hydrogen peroxide, which offers a higher stability and better controllability than liquid hydrogen peroxide when used ...
High-test peroxide (HTP) is a highly concentrated (85 to 98%) solution of hydrogen peroxide, with the remainder consisting predominantly of water. In contact with a catalyst, it decomposes into a high-temperature mixture of steam and oxygen, with no remaining liquid water.
The peroxide value is defined as the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1 kilogram of fat or oil. Traditionally this was expressed in units of milliequivalents , although in SI units the appropriate option would be in millimoles per kilogram (N.B. 1 milliequivalents = 0.5 millimole; because 1 mEq of O2 =1 mmol/2=0.5 mmol of O2, where 2 is valence).
Magnesium peroxide (MgO 2) is an odorless fine powder peroxide with a white to off-white color. It is similar to calcium peroxide because magnesium peroxide also releases oxygen by breaking down at a controlled rate with water. Commercially, magnesium peroxide often exists as a compound of magnesium peroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
In chemistry preparations, sodium peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as an oxygen source by reacting it with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sodium carbonate : Na 2 O 2 + CO 2 → Na 2 CO 3 + 1⁄2 O 2. Na 2 O 2 + H 2 O + 2 CO 2 → 2 NaHCO 3 + 1⁄2 O 2.