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  2. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking , industrial water supply, irrigation , river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  3. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes, including medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications. The history of water purification includes a wide variety of methods.

  4. Wastewater treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment

    Wastewater treatment is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater. It thus converts it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once back in the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment. It is also possible to reuse it.

  5. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    High grade water recycling. Wave-powered desalination. Reverse osmosis ( RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions.

  6. Raw water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_water

    Raw water is water found in the environment that has not been treated and does not have any of its minerals, ions, particles, bacteria, or parasites removed. Raw water includes rainwater, ground water, water from infiltration wells, and water from bodies like lakes and rivers.

  7. Industrial water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_water_treatment

    Water treatment is used to optimize most water-based industrial processes, such as heating, cooling, processing, cleaning, and rinsing so that operating costs and risks are reduced. Poor water treatment lets water interact with the surfaces of pipes and vessels which contain it.

  8. Sewage treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment

    Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.

  9. Zero liquid discharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Liquid_Discharge

    Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a classification of water treatment processes intended to reduce wastewater efficiently and produce clean water that is suitable for reuse (e.g., irrigation). ZLD systems employ wastewater treatment technologies and desalination to purify and recycle virtually all wastewater received.

  10. Water aeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_aeration

    Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms. [1]

  11. Flocculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculation

    Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm-water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation , granular filtration and disinfection. [16]