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In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule ), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. [1] For example, if the risk of developing health problems is known to increase with age, Bayes' theorem allows the risk to an individual of a known age to be ...
The sum of squares of residuals, also called the residual sum of squares: The total sum of squares (proportional to the variance of the data): The most general definition of the coefficient of determination is. In the best case, the modeled values exactly match the observed values, which results in and R2 = 1.
In common usage, climate change describes global warming —the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate.
e. Technology readiness levels ( TRLs) are a method for estimating the maturity of technologies during the acquisition phase of a program. TRLs enable consistent and uniform discussions of technical maturity across different types of technology. [1] TRL is determined during a technology readiness assessment ( TRA) that examines program concepts ...
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The prefix kilo-, for example, may be added to gram to indicate multiplication by one thousand: one kilogram ...
e. In economics, the Gini coefficient ( / ˈdʒiːni / JEE-nee ), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality [3] within a nation or a social group. It was developed by Italian statistician and sociologist ...
In the United States, academic grading commonly takes on the form of five, six or seven letter grades. Traditionally, the grades are A+, A, A−, B+, B, B−, C+, C, C−, D+, D, D− and F, with A+ being the highest and F being lowest. In some cases, grades can also be numerical. Numeric-to-letter-grade conversions generally vary from system to system and between disciplines and status.
Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O. [11] The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially ...