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Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking , industrial water supply, irrigation , river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.
Small water systems serve 501-3,300 people; Medium water systems serve 3,301-10,000 people; Large water systems serve 10,001-100,000 people; Very Large water systems serve over 100,000 people. Water systems may be categorized by their source of water: Groundwater, generally from wells; Surface water and groundwater "under the influence" of ...
Throughout history, people have devised systems to make getting water into their communities and households and disposing of (and later also treating) wastewater more convenient. The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated.
Municipal water reuse systems, as demonstrated in implementation, offer promising avenues for integrating wastewater treatment and resource recovery into urban water networks. [15] The sustainable water supply system is an integrated system including water intake, water utilization, wastewater discharge and treatment and water environmental ...
As of 2011, over three quarters of US local governments surveyed by the ICMA ( International City/County Management Association) provide water distribution entirely with public employees. Over two thirds of municipalities provide water treatment publicly, and over half provide sewage collection and treatment publicly.
Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations after appropriate treatment, including groundwater , surface water (lakes and rivers), and the sea through desalination. The water treatment steps include, in most cases, purification , disinfection through chlorination and sometimes fluoridation .
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